Interview Questions

• Describe the difference between a Thread and a Process? 
• Thread is minimum unit for processor to execute. Collections of threads make process. By dividing process into threads, processor achieves multi tasking (by running threads concurrently not parallel). Threads can share memory but processes can’t share memory. Threads can communicate with each other of same process without any middle layer but process can’t they required inter process communication kind of thingy.
• What is a Windows Service and how does its lifecycle differ from a “standard” EXE? 
• Windows service is windows based background process which has no user interface like any other service (aka daemon in UNIX based environment). Windows service needs to be installed before executing unlike EXE. Windows service used to perform such tasks which doesn’t required user interaction but system status based events like performing tasks at specific intervals or at different state of system like alarm user when disk is about to get full to clean up. Windows service is controlled by Service control manager (SCM) and it started automatically even user didn’t login to his/her windows account (as SCM already has account credentials so SCM knows if system start which service needs to start and by which account), where as EXE is controlled by OS and runs only when user get login using windows account.
• What is the maximum amount of memory any single process on Windows can address? Is this different than the maximum virtual memory for the system? How would this affect a system design? 
• Single process on windows can address different amount of memory as it depends upon systems (32bit/64bit processor) and OS as well. Yes process memory consumption size can be different from maximum virtual memory size. If software/process code is written by keeping 64 bit processor (as 64 bit processor support more than double memory) then it won’t be able to run that process on 32 bit system.
• What is the difference between an EXE and a DLL? 
• Exe is executable and independent program/process to run which has its own reserved memory space whereas DLL (Dynamic Link Library) is neither executable and not even independent, it used by other DLL/program.
• What is strong-typing versus weak-typing? Which is preferred? Why? 
• Strong typing means a person who has great typing skills and that chat do too much chatting  just joking. Strong typing means when code compiles, type rules enforced strictly according to their data assigned to them whereas weak typing is quite opposite of this definition. JavaScript/C/C++ is weak typing but .net based languages are strongly typed. Strong typing is preferred by means of less run time errors risk and efficient during execution of program but not during compile time.
• Corillian’s product is a “Component Container.” Name at least 3 component containers that ship now with the Windows Server Family. 
• I am not sure either I understood this question in correct way. I think answer would be Windows Shell, Windows Explorer, IIS (happy guessing)
• What is a PID? How is it useful when troubleshooting a system? 
• PID is Process ID which is unique to identify any process within a system. Whilst troubleshooting we can kill process through its PID.
• How many processes can listen on a single TCP/IP port? 
• I think single process can only hold handler of any port at a time means can listen on single port. Once I got error when I ran my web application as another application (skype) was using that port. It make sense as well, ports are like doors if two people talk on specific door and third one comes up then no privacy (divorce ratio would be dramatically raised)
• What is the GAC? What problem does it solve? 
• GAC stands for Global Access Cache where shareable/public assemblies (DLL) stored to be used by multiple programs. It gives a shared platform for programs to use single assembly and can store same assembly (of same name) with different versions and can help to solve DLL HELL.

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ASP.NET Interview Questions And Answers

ASP.NET Interview Questions And Answers                                  

Q1:Describe the role of inetinfo.exe, aspnet_isapi.dll and aspnet_wp.exe in the page loading process.
Ans:inetinfo.exe is theMicrosoft IIS server running, handling ASP.NET requests among other things.When an ASP.NET request
 is received (usually a file with .aspx extension), the ISAPI filter aspnet_isapi.dll takes care of it by passing the request tothe actual worker process aspnet_wp.exe.

Q2:What’s the difference between Response.Write() andResponse.Output.Write()?
Ans:Response.Output.Write() allows you to write formatted output.

Q3:What methods are fired during the page load?
Ans:Init() - when the page is instantiated
Load() - when the page is loaded into server memory
PreRender() - the brief moment before the page is displayed to
 the user as HTML
Unload() - when page finishes loading.

Q4:When during the page processing cycle is ViewState available?
Ans:After the Init() and before the Page_Load(), or OnLoad()
for a control.

Q5:What namespace does the Web page belong in the .NET Framework class hierarchy?
Ans:System.Web.UI.Page

Q6:Where do you store the information about the user’s locale?
Ans:System.Web.UI.Page.Culture

Q7:What’s the difference between Codebehind="MyCode.aspx.cs" andSrc="MyCode.
aspx.cs"?
Ans:CodeBehind is relevant to Visual Studio.NET only.

Q8:What’s a bubbled event?
Ans:When you have a complex control, like DataGrid, writing an event processing routine for each object (cell, button, row, etc.) is quite tedious. The controls can bubble up their eventhandlers, allowing the main DataGrid event handler to take care of its constituents.

Q9:Suppose you want a certain ASP.NET function
executed on MouseOver for a certain button. Where
 do you add an event handler?
Ans:Add an OnMouseOver attribute to the button. Example: btnSubmit.Attributes.Add("onmouseover",
"someClientCodeHere();");

Q10:What data types do the RangeValidator control
support?
Ans:Integer, String, and Date.

Q11:Explain the differences between Server-side and
 Client-side code?
Ans:Server-side code executes on the server. Client-side code executes in the client's browser.

Q13:What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
The answer is server-side code since code-behind is executed on the server. However, during the code-behind's execution on the server, it can render client-side code such as JavaScript to be processed in the clients browser. But just to be clear,
code-behind executes on the server, thus making it server-side code.

Q14:Should user input data validation occur server-side or client-side? Why?
Ans:All user input data validation should occur on the server at a minimum. Additionally, client-side validation can be performed where deemed appropriate and feasable to provide a richer, more responsive experience for the user.

Q16:What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect? Why would I choose one over the other?
Ans:Server.Transfer transfers page processing from one page directly to the next page without making a round-trip back to the client's browser. This provides a faster response with a little less overhead on the server. Server.Transfer does not update the clients url history list or current url. Response.Redirect is used to redirect the user's browser to another page or site. This performas a trip back to the client where the client's browser is redirected to the new page. The user's browser history list is updated to reflect the new address.

Q18:Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
Ans:Valid answers are:
· A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.
· A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
· Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.
· There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.
· DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.
· You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
· Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources.

Q19:What is the Global.asax used for?
Ans:The Global.asax (including the Global.asax.cs file) is used to implement application and session level events.

Q20:What are the Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines used for?
Ans:This is where you can set the specific variables for the Application and Session objects.

Q21:Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
Ans:When you want to inherit (use the functionality of) another class. Example: With a base class named Employee, a Manager class could be derived from the Employee base class.

Q22:Whats an assembly?
Ans:Assemblies are the building blocks of the .NET framework. Overview of assemblies from MSDN

Describe the difference between inline and code behind.
Inline code written along side the html in a page. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by the .aspx page.

Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one?
The DiffGram is one of the two XML formats that you can use to render DataSet object contents to XML. A good use is reading database data to an XML file to be sent to a Web Service.

Q23:Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
Ans:MSIL is the Microsoft Intermediate Language. All .NET compatible languages will get converted to MSIL. MSIL also allows the .NET Framework to JIT compile the assembly on the installed computer.

Q24:Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter
 control to load your generated dataset with data?
Ans:The Fill() method.

Ans:Can you edit data in the Repeater control?
No, it just reads the information from its data source.

Q25:Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
Ans:ItemTemplate.

Q26:How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control?
Ans:Use the AlternatingItemTemplate.

Q27:What property must you set, and what method
must you call in your code, in order to bind the data from a data source to the Repeater control?
Ans:You must set the DataSource property and call the
 DataBind method.

Q28:What base class do all Web Forms inherit from?
Ans:The Page class.
Name two properties common in every validation control?
ControlToValidate property and Text property.

Q29:Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting the DataSource, to display
 data in the combo box?
Ans:DataTextField property.

Q30:Which control would you use if you needed to make
 sure the values in two different controls matched?
Ans:CompareValidator control.

Q31:How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain?
Ans:It can contain many classes.

Web Service Questions

Q32:What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service?
Ans:SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is the preferred protocol.

Q33:A Web service can only be written in .NET True or
False?
Ans:False

Q34:What does WSDL stand for?
Ans:Web Services Description Language.

Q35:To test a Web service you must create a Windows application or Web application to consume this service.
True or False?
Ans:False, the web service comes with a test page and it
provides HTTP-GET method to test.

State Management Questions:

Q36:What is ViewState?
Ans:ViewState allows the state of objects (serializable) to be stored in a hidden field on the page. ViewState is transported to the client and back to the server, and is not stored on the server or any other external source. ViewState is used the retain the state of server-side objects between postabacks.

Q37:What is the lifespan for items stored in ViewState?
Ans:Item stored in ViewState exist for the life of the
current page. This includes postbacks (to the same page).

Q38:What does the "EnableViewState" property do? Why would I want it on or off?
Ans:It allows the page to save the users input on a form across postbacks. It saves the server-side values for a given control into ViewState, which is stored as a hidden value on the page before sending the page to the clients browser. When the page is posted back to the server the server control is recreated with the state stored in viewstate.

Q39:What are the different types of Session state management options available with ASP.NET?
Ans:ASP.NET provides In-Process and Out-of-Process state management. In-Process stores the session in memory on the web server. This requires the a "sticky-server" (or no load-balancing) so that the user is always reconnected to the same web server. Out-of-Process Session state management stores data in an external data source. The external data source may be either a SQL Server or a State Server service. Out-of-Process state management requires that all objects stored in session are serializable.

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